Today we will know in detail the definition, distinction, types and function of Endoplasmic Reticulum.
What is Endoplasmic Reticulum/Definition of Endoplasmic Reticulum
The endoplasmic reticulum is an important organ in eukaryotic cells. Its important function is to play a major role in the production, processing and transport of proteins and lipids.
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Definition
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a large organization composed of membranous layers and ducts. The endoplasmic reticulum forms, packages, and secures the products made by a cell. Ribosomes, which make proteins, regulate a portion of the endoplasmic reticulum.
The cell’s cytoplasm consists of a network of sac-like structures and tubes. Proteins and other molecules help in moving through the endoplasmic reticulum. The outer surface of the endoplasmic reticulum is smooth or rough. The endoplasmic reticulum has many ribosomes on its outer surface and makes proteins a cell requirement.
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum makes other substances that the cell requires. The endoplasmic reticulum is helpful in the formation of lipids (fats) and carbohydrates (sugars). The endoplasmic reticulum is a cell organelle.
- Rough endoplasmic reticulum
- Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Rough endoplasmic reticulum/Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Definition:
The function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum is to produce membrane and secretory proteins. Coarse ER-associated ribosomes synthesize proteins by the process of translation. In some leukocytes, coarse ERs produce antibodies. The function of thick ER in pancreatic cells is to produce insulin.
As such, rough and smooth ER are interconnected and rough proteins and membranes are transferred to other locations in the smooth ER. A small amount of protein is transported by transport vesicles to the Golgi system. In the Golgi, the protein is transported to its proper sites within the cell or is thought to be exported from the cell by exocytosis.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum/Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Definition/Smooth ER Definition:
Smooth ERs have a variety of functions such as carbohydrate and lipid synthesis. As you know lipids such as phospholipids and cholesterol are essential for the formation of cell membranes. It also serves as a transitional area for smooth ER vesicles that deliver ER products to various appropriate locations.
Serves to produce smooth ER enzymes in liver cells that aid in detoxify certain compounds. And another important function of this is to assist in the contraction of smooth ER muscle cells in muscles, and in addition it synthesizes male and female hormones in brain cells.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Function
Friends, you have been told that the endoplasmic reticulum is classified into two parts. Now we will learn about the major works done by them.
- It is intracellular transport system for various substances.
- ER forms a Network in cytoplasmic reticulum matrix,giving mechanical support to the cell.
- Protein Synthesis.
- Detoxification of harmful compounds and drugs.
- Synthesis of lipids in collaboration with golgi complex on SER surface.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Function:
- Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum is responsible for the synthesis of essential lipids such as phospholipids and cholesterol.
- In muscle cells, the smooth endoplasmic reticulum also regulates calcium ion storage.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum is also responsible for the production and secretion of steroid hormones. - The smooth endoplasmic reticulum attaches to the nuclear envelope.
- Smooth ER is also responsible for the metabolism of carbohydrates.
- These are quite important for the nervous system and the muscular system.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Function:
- The functions of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum are associated with protein synthesis.
- RER also plays an important role in protein folding.
- Protein Folding and Quality Control
- Its second most important function is protein sorting.
Endomembrane System Diagram
Endoplasmic Reticulum Plant Cell
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